Geographical bundling for equitable transport infrastructure development

This research examines how Public–Private Partnerships can tackle regional economic disparities through geographical bundling, a strategy that joins transport projects from diverse areas under a single contract. Using an exploratory qualitative approach, the study centres on Indonesian toll roads while drawing comparisons with regional governance practices in Colombia, France, the Philippines, South Korea, and Thailand. Evidence was gathered from policy and project documentation, semi-structured interviews, and workshops with public authorities, financiers, and private industry.

The investigation shows that geographical bundling broadens partnership aims beyond single-project efficiency. It enables more prosperous areas to cross-subsidize weaker ones, reduces transaction expenses, and improves overall regional connectivity.